Capsizing of Large Vessels — Causes & Safety Procedures

Mankind has now mastered the seas, but that doesn't mean embarking in your vessel doesn't hold a degree of risk even today. Hazardous weather and dangerous sea conditions rarely play a part in the majority of boating fatalities due to capsizing. The true culprit? Human error or miscalculation. Even with excellent boating conditions, unexpected accidents can happen to anyone at any time — no one is immune to the unpredictability of seafaring.

The capsizing of a ship at sea occurs when the vessel lists to one side so far that it is not able to right itself and regain its proper position. According to the US Coast Guard, this is the number one cause of boat related injuries and deaths. An estimated 1,000 people perish each year due to boating accidents, many of which occur in a capsizing scenario.

Large vessels like cruise liners and cargo ships are built to withstand the constant battering of the ocean, so weather and sea conditions rarely factor into their capsizing — the predominant cause is human error such as turning too quickly or mishandling the ship's anchor. Navigation errors are also a common factor, as was the case with the infamous Costa Concordia disaster of 2012 that resulted in the loss of 32 souls. Overloading or shifting of cargo can also disrupt a vessel's center of gravity and cause dangerous listing.

Before setting foot on a ship, it is highly recommended that you assemble a survival bag complete with items you'll need if stranded — this should include a flashlight, compass, knife, waterproof matches, sunscreen, fresh water and rations, a signaling mirror, flares, and a first aid kit. Once aboard, familiarize yourself with the ship's layout and identify at least two exit routes from your compartment. Most large vessels are equipped with several lifeboats or rafts — familiarizing yourself with these is critical.

Capsizing is an undoubtedly frightening event, but by being mindful and following these simple safety instructions, you'll be better prepared in any situation, no matter how unlikely.